1919 Historical Events
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| Month | Date | Event | Location | Category |
|---|
| Month | Date | Event | Location | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | June 1 | Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, along with his father John W. Bascom at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, designs and makes rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, now the world standard. | Alberta, Canada | Culture |
| May | May 29 | Einstein's theory of general relativity is tested by Arthur Eddington's observation of the "bending of light" during a total solar eclipse in Príncipe, and by Andrew Crommelin in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil (confirmed November 19). | Brazil | Culture |
| October | October 9 | In Major League Baseball, the Cincinnati Reds win the World Series, five games to three, over the Chicago White Sox, whose players are later found to have lost intentionally. | Chicago, Illinois | Culture |
| December | December 25 | Cliftonhill Stadium in Coatbridge, Scotland, opens as the home of Albion Rovers F.C.. They lose the opening match 2–0 to St Mirren. | Coatbridge, Scotland | Culture |
| June | June 18 | The biggest football club in Central America, Liga Deportiva Alajuelense, is founded in Costa Rica. | Costa Rica | Culture |
| January | January 18 | Bentley Motors Limited is founded in England. | England | Culture |
| Date unknown | Date unknown | Les Champs Magnétiques, the first book produced using the techniques of surrealist automatism, is written by André Breton and Philippe Soupault. | France | Culture |
| February | February 5 | United Artists (UA) is incorporated by D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. | Hollywood, California | Culture |
| May | May 23 | The University of California opens its second campus in Los Angeles. Initially called Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC), it is eventually renamed the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). | Los Angeles, California | Culture |
| December | December 1 | XWA (now CINW), in Montreal, becomes the first public radio station in North America to go on the air. | Montreal | Culture |
| October | October 7 | The Dutch airline KLM is formed (as of 2007, it will be the world's oldest airline still flying under its original name). | Netherlands | Culture |
| December | December 19 | The fictional character Ham Gravy makes his début in Thimble Theatre Comics. | New York | Culture |
| November | November 9 | Felix the Cat appears in Feline Follies, marking the first cartoon character to become popular. | New York City | Culture |
| May | May 8–27 | United States Navy Curtiss flying boat NC-4, commanded by Albert Cushing Read, makes the first transatlantic flight, from Naval Air Station Rockaway to Lisbon via Trepassey, Newfoundland (departs May 16) and the Azores (arrives May 17). (On May 30–31 it flies on to Plymouth in England.) | New York City | Culture |
| May | May 4 | The League of Red Cross Societies is founded in Paris. | Paris | Culture |
| July | July 28 | The International Astronomical Union is founded in Paris, France. | Paris, France. | Culture |
| December | December 3 | After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, including two collapses causing 89 deaths, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic. | Quebec | Culture |
| September | September 6 | The U.S. Army expedition across America, which started July 7, ends in San Francisco. | San Francisco | Culture |
| October | October 16 | The historic Condado Vanderbilt Hotel is inaugurated, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. | San Juan, Puerto Rico | Culture |
| July | July 2–6 | British airship R34 makes the first transatlantic flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from RAF East Fortune, Scotland, to Mineola, New York. | Scotland | Culture |
| June | June 14–15 | A Vickers Vimy piloted by John Alcock DSC, with navigator Arthur Whitten Brown, makes the first nonstop transatlantic flight, from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. | St. John's, Newfoundland | Culture |
| January | January 1 | Edsel Ford succeeds his father, as head of the Ford Motor Company. | United States | Culture |
| Date unknown | Date unknown | The World League Against Alcoholism is established by the Anti-Saloon League. | United States | Culture |
| May | May 14 | The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, establishes probably the world's first Chair in International Politics, endowed by David Davies and his sisters in honour of Woodrow Wilson, with Alfred Eckhard Zimmern as first professor. | Wales | Culture |
| July | July 7 | The United States Army sends a convoy across the continental U.S., starting in Washington, D.C., to assess the possibility of crossing North America by road. This crossing takes many months to complete, because the building of the U.S. Highway System has not commenced. | Washington, D.C | Culture |
| April | April 25 | The Bauhaus architectural and design movement is founded in Weimar, Germany. | Weimar, Germany | Culture |
| January | January 15 | Great Molasses Flood: A wave of molasses released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston, Massachusetts, killing 21 and injuring 150. | Boston, Massachusetts | Disaster |
| July | July 21 | Wingfoot Air Express crash: The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express catches fire over downtown Chicago. Two passengers, one aircrewman and ten people on the ground are killed. However, two people parachute to the ground safely. | Chicago | Disaster |
| November | November 30 | Health officials declare the global "Spanish" flu pandemic has ceased. | Étaples, France | Disaster |
| September | September 10–15 | The Florida Keys hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas. | Gulf of Mexico | Disaster |
| May | May 19 | Volcano Kelud erupts in Java, killing about 5,000. | Java | Disaster |
| December | December 4 | The French Opera House in New Orleans, Louisiana is destroyed by fire. | New Orleans, Louisiana | Disaster |
| January | January 1 | HMY Iolaire sinks off the coast of Scotland; 201 die. | Scotland | Disaster |
| December | December 10 | Peace – Woodrow Wilson | Oslo, Norway | Nobel Prize |
| December | December 10 | Physics – Johannes Stark | Stockholm, Sweden | Nobel Prize |
| December | December 10 | Chemistry – not awarded | Stockholm, Sweden | Nobel Prize |
| December | December 10 | Physiology or Medicine – Jules Bordet | Stockholm, Sweden | Nobel Prize |
| December | December 10 | Literature – Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler | Stockholm, Sweden | Nobel Prize |
| January | January 21 | Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire dies. | Korea | Politics |
| January | January 11 | The Georgian genocide occurs in Alagir. | Alagir | Politics |
| January | January 8 | The funeral of Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States, is held at Christ Church Oyster Bay, Long Island; Roosevelt had died in his sleep at the age of 60, two days earlier. | Long Island | Politics |
| August | August 27 | South African Prime Minister Louis Botha dies in office. | South Africa | Politics |
| February | February 28 | Amānullāh Khān becomes King of Afghanistan. | Afghanistan | Politics |
| August | August 19 | Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom. | Afghanistan | Politics |
| February | February 26 | Grand Canyon National Park: An act of the United States Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park. | Arizona | Politics |
| April | April 13 | Eugene V. Debs enters prison at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia for speaking out against the draft during World War I. | Atlanta, Georgia | Politics |
| March | March 23–24 | Charles I, the last Emperor of Austria, leaves Austria for exile in Switzerland. | Austria | Politics |
| July | July 19 | The Foreign Ministry of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic is established, by decree of the chancellory for foreign affairs. | Azerbaijan | Politics |
| March | March 27 | The name Bratislava is officially adopted for the city of Pressburg. | Bratislava | Politics |
| November | November 11 | First Remembrance Day observed in the British Empire with a two-minute silence at 11:00 hours. | Britain | Politics |
| November | November 7 | Inspired by Cape Town's daily Noon Gun Three Minute Pause, King George V institutes the Two Minute Silence, following a suggestion by Sir Percy Fitzpatrick, to be observed annually at the Eleventh Hour of the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh Month. | Britain | Politics |
| March | March 21 | The Hungarian Soviet Republic is established by Béla Kun. | Budapest | Politics |
| August | August 1 | Béla Kun's Hungarian Soviet Republic collapses. | Budapest | Politics |
| June | June 26 | British Foreign Office official St John Philby and T. E. Lawrence arrive in Cairo for discussions about Arab unrest in Egypt, having been flown by Canadian pilot Harry Yates in a Handley Page bomber, which set off from England on June 21. | Cairo | Politics |
| July | July 2 | The Syrian National Congress in Damascus: Arab nationalists announce independence. | Damascus | Politics |
| March | March 26 | Queen of the South F.C. is formed in Dumfries. | Dumfries | Politics |
| October | October 10 | Estonia adopts a radical land reform, nationalizing 97% of agrarian lands, mostly still belonging to Baltic Germans. | Estonia | Politics |
| April | April 23 | The Estonian Constituent Assembly convenes its first session. | Estonia | Politics |
| April | April 12 | French serial killer Henri Désiré Landru is arrested. | France | Politics |
| October | October 16 | In Germany, Adolf Hitler gives his first speech for the German Workers' Party (DAP). | Germany | Politics |
| January | January 5 | In Germany, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP), predecessor of the Nazi Party, is formed by the merger of Anton Drexler's Committee of Independent Workmen with journalist Karl Harrer's Political Workers' Circle. | Germany | Politics |
| February | February 11 | Friedrich Ebert is elected the first President of Germany (Reichspräsident), by the Weimar National Assembly. | Germany | Politics |
| Date unknown | Date unknown | Severe inflation in Germany sees the Papiermark rise to 47 marks against the United States dollar by December, compared to 12 marks in April. | Germany | Politics |
| August | August 11 | In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is proclaimed to be in effect (ratified). | Germany | Politics |
| August | August 21 | Friedrich Ebert becomes the first president in Germany. | Germany | Politics |
| March | March 8 | The Rowlatt Act is passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in London, indefinitely extending the emergency provisions of the Defence of India Act 1915. | London | Politics |
| May | May 8 | Edward George Honey proposes a moment of silence, to commemorate the Armistice of World War I. | London | Politics |
| February | February 28 | An independence mission to the U.S., funded by the Philippine legislature, sets out from Manila to present its case to Secretary of War Newton D. Baker. | Manila | Politics |
| March | March 2 | The Founding Congress of the Comintern opens in Moscow. | Moscow | Politics |
| March | March 4 | The Communist International (Comintern) is founded. | Moscow | Politics |
| April | April 6–7 | The Bavarian Soviet Republic is founded. | Munich | Politics |
| July | July 11 | The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands. | Netherlands | Politics |
| February | February 25 | Oregon places a one cent per US gallon (0.26¢/liter) tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax. | Oregon | Politics |
| January | January 3 | The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. | Palestine | Politics |
| October | October 13 | The Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation is signed, in Paris, France. | Paris, France | Politics |
| January | January 25 | The League of Nations is founded in Paris, France. | Paris, France. | Politics |
| April | April 25 | Pancho Villa takes Parral, Chihuahua, in Mexico, and executes the mayor and his two sons by hanging. | Parral, Chihuahua | Politics |
| April | April 5 | Pinsk massacre: 35 Jews are killed without trial, after being accused of Bolshevism. | Pinsk | Politics |
| January | January 16 | Pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes the second Prime Minister of Poland. | Poland | Politics |
| January | January 19 | The Monarchy of the North is established in Northern Portugal. | Portugual | Politics |
| May | May 29 | The Republic of Prekmurje formally declares independence from Hungary. | Prekmurje | Politics |
| February | February 4-5 | Pressburg (Bratislava) becomes the capital of Slovakia. | Pressburg (Bratislava) | Politics |
| January | January 1 | The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. | Pressburg (now Bratislava) | Politics |
| May | May 30 | By agreement with the United Kingdom, later confirmed by the League of Nations, Belgium is given the mandate over part of German East Africa (Ruanda-Urundi). | Ruanda-Urundi | Politics |
| June | June 21 | Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow: Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet interned at Scapa Flow, Scotland; nine German sailors are killed. | Scapa Flow, Scotland | Politics |
| September | September 17 | German South West Africa is placed under South African administration. | South Africa | Politics |
| September | September 3 | Jan Smuts becomes the second Prime Minister of South Africa. | South Africa. | Politics |
| June | June 28 | The International Labour Organization (ILO) is established as an agency of the League of Nations. | Switzerland | Politics |
| January | January 11 | Romania annexes Transylvania. | Transylvania | Politics |
| April | April 15 | The Save the Children Fund is created in the UK, to raise money for the relief of German and Austrian children. | United Kingdom | Politics |
| November | November 10 | Abrams v. United States: The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the conviction Abrams, for inciting resistance to the war effort against Soviet Russia. | United States | Politics |
| November | November 7 | The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution; over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 different U.S. cities. | United States | Politics |
| June | June 2 | 1919 United States anarchist bombings: Eight mail bombs are sent to prominent figures. | United States | Politics |
| December | December 21 | The United States deports 249 people, including Emma Goldman, to Russia on the USAT Buford. | United States | Politics |
| April | April 30 | Several bombs are intercepted, in the first wave of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings. | United States | Politics |
| August | August 31 | The American Communist Party is established. | United States | Politics |
| January | January 16 | The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition, is ratified. | United States — Washington D.C. | Politics |
| December | December 17 | Uruguay becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty. | Uruguay | Politics |
| October | October 2 | President of the United States Woodrow Wilson suffers a serious stroke, rendering him an invalid for the remainder of his life. | Washington, D.C. | Politics |
| October | October 28 | Prohibition in the United States: The United States Congress passes the Volstead Act, over President Woodrow Wilson's veto. Prohibition goes into effect on January 17, 1920, under the provisions of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution. | Washington, D.C. | Politics |
| March | March 3 | The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the conviction of Charles Schenck. | Washington, D.C. | Politics |
| March | March 5 | A. Mitchell Palmer becomes United States Attorney General, through recess appointment. | Washington, D.C. | Politics |
| November | November 10–12 | The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis. | Minneapolis | Politics |
| March | March 15–17 | Members of the American Expeditionary Forces convene in Paris, for the first American Legion caucus. | Paris | Politics |
| January | January 15 | Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered, following the Spartacist uprising. | Berlin, Germany | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| June | June 17 | English Police Sergeant Thomas Green is killed, during the Epsom Riot by Canadian troops. | Epsom, England | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| January | January 13 | Workers' councils in Berlin end the general strike; the Spartacist uprising is over. | Berlin | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| July | July 31 | British police strike in London and Liverpool, for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers; over 2,000 strikers are dismissed. | London | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| March | March 31 | A general strike begins in the Ruhr. | Ruhr | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| February | February 6 | The Seattle General Strike begins in the United States, affecting over 65,000 workers. | Seattle | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| February | February 11 | The Seattle General Strike ends, when Federal troops are summoned by the State of Washington's Attorney General. | Seattle | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| September | September 21 | The Steel strike of 1919 begins across the United States. | United States | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| November | November 1 | The Coal Strike of 1919 begins in the United States, by the United Mine Workers under John L. Lewis; a final agreement is reached on December 10. | United States | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| May | May 17 | The Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose the Winnipeg general strike. | Winnipeg | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| June | June 21 | Bloody Saturday of the Winnipeg general strike: Royal Northwest Mounted Police fire a volley of bullets into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two. | Winnipeg | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| May | May 15 | Winnipeg general strike: Workers in Winnipeg, Canada launch a strike for better wages and working conditions. | Winnipeg, Canada | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| January | January 5 | Spartacist uprising: Socialist demonstrations in Berlin, Germany turn into an attempted communist revolution. | Berlin | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| January | January 10–12 | The Freikorps attacks Spartacist supporters around Berlin. | Berlin | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| January | January 7 | The Tragic Week in Argentina, an anarchist uprising in Buenos Aires, begins; it is later suppressed by official forces. | Buenos Aires, | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| July | July 27 | The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 begins, when a white man throws stones at a group of four black teens on a raft. | Chicago | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| May | May 4 | The May Fourth Movement opposes foreign colonizers in China erupts. | China | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| May | May 1 | Riots break out in Cleveland, Ohio; 2 people are killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested. | Cleveland, Ohio | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| May | May 1 | A large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police. | France | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| January | January 23 | The Khotin Uprising breaks out in Khotyn, Ukraine. | Khotyn, Ukraine. | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| March | March 1 | The March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea is formed. | Korea | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| June | June 7 | Sette Giugno on Malta: British troops fire on a mob protesting against the colonial government, killing four. | Malta | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| March | March 23 | In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement. | Milan, Italy | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| March | March 4–5 | Kinmel Park Riots by troops of the Canadian Expeditionary Force awaiting repatriation at Kinmel Camp, Bodelwyddan, in North Wales. Five men are killed, 28 injured, and 25 convicted of mutiny. | North Wales | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| February | February 12 | Ethnic Germans and Hungarian inhabitants of Pressburg start a protest against its incorporation into Czechoslovakia, but the Czechoslovak Legions open fire on the unarmed demonstrators. | Pressburg (Bratislava) | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| August | August 16–26 | First Silesian Uprising: The Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans. | Upper Silesia | Politics — Strikes & Uprisings |
| April | April 10 | Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead in Morelos. | Morelos | War |
| April | April 13 | Amritsar Massacre: British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Sikhs at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, in the Punjab Province (British India). | Amritsar | War |
| April | April 25 | ANZAC Day is observed for the first time in Australia. | Australia | War |
| May | May 6 | The Third Anglo-Afghan War begins. | Bagh, Afghanistan | War |
| February | February 14 | The Polish–Soviet War begins, with the Battle of Bereza Kartuska. | Bereza Kartuska | War |
| May | May 27 | Fyodor Raskolnikov is exchanged for 14 British prisoners of war. | Brixton, London | War |
| November | November 16 | After Entente pressure, Romanian forces withdraw from Budapest and allow Admiral Horthy to march in. | Budapest | War |
| June | June 15 | Pancho Villa attacks Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. When the bullets begin to fly to the American side of the border, two units of the United States 7th Cavalry Regiment cross the border, to push Villa's forces from American territory. | Ciudad Juárez, Mexico | War |
| March | March 9 | The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 breaks out. | Egypt | War |
| September | September 12 | Gabriele D'Annunzio, with his entourage, marches into Fiume and convinces Italian troops to join him. | Fiume, Italy | War |
| January | January 31 | Battle of George Square: The British Army is called in to deal with riots, during negotiations over working hours in Glasgow, Scotland. | Glasgow, Scotland. | War |
| September | September 10 | The Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with Austria-Hungary. | Île-de-France, France | War |
| May | May 3 | Amānullāh Khān attacks the British government in India. | India | War |
| May | May 2 | Weimar Republic troops and the Freikorps occupy Munich, and crush the Bavarian Soviet Republic. | Munich | War |
| November | November 27 | The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine is signed between the Allies and Bulgaria. | Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | War |
| June | June 28 | The Treaty of Versailles is signed, formally ending World War I. John Maynard Keynes, who had been present at the conference and was unhappy with the terms of the treaty, brings out his own analysis later in the year, entitled The Economic Consequences of the Peace. | Paris, France | War |
| June | June 6 | The Hungarian Red Army attacks the Republic of Prekmurje. | Prekmurje | War |
| August | August 8 | The Treaty of Rawalpindi ends the Third Anglo-Afghan War. | Rawalpindi, British India (now Punjab, Pakistan) | War |
| May | May 19 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk lands at Samsun on the Anatolian Black Sea coast, marking the start of the Turkish War of Independence. The anniversary of this event is also an official day of Turkish Youth. | Samsun | War |
| May | May 15 | The Hellenic Army lands at Smyrna, on ships of the British Royal Navy. | Smyrna | War |
| May | May 27 | Siege of Spin Boldak (Third Anglo-Afghan War): This is the last time the British Army uses an escalade. | Spin Boldak | War |
| August | August 3 | The Romanian army liberates Timișoara from the Hungarian occupation. | Timișoara | War |
| December | December 5 | The Turkish Ministry of War releases Greeks, Armenians and Jews from military service. | Turkey | War |
| Date unknown | Date unknown | John T. Thompson finalizes the design of the Thompson submachine gun in the United States. | United States | War |
| Date unknown | Date unknown | John Browning finalizes the design for the M1919 Browning machine gun (.30 caliber), the first widely distributed and practical air cooled medium machine gun introduced to the United States Military. It receives an official designation, and production is started in the same year. | United States | War |
| January | January 18 | The Paris Peace Conference opens at the Palace of Versailles, France. | Versailles, France. | War |
| November | November 19 | The Treaty of Versailles fails a critical ratification vote in the United States Senate. It will never be ratified by the U.S. | Washinton, D.C. | War |
| April | April 20 | The French Army blows up the bridge over the Dniester at Bender, Moldova, to protect the city from the Bolsheviks. | Bender, Moldova | War |
| January | January 9 | Friedrich Ebert orders the Freikorps into action in Berlin. | Berlin | War |
| August | August 4 | The Romanian army occupies Budapest. | Budapest | War |
| November | November 11 | The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington (United States), originating at an Armistice Day parade, results in the deaths of four members of the American Legion, and the lynching of a local leader of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). | Centralia, Washington | War |
| January | January 21 | Dáil Éireann meets for the first time in the Mansion House, Dublin. It comprises Sinn Féin members elected in the 1918 general election who, in accordance with their manifesto, have not taken their seats in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, but chosen to declare an independent Irish Republic. In the first shots of the Anglo-Irish War, two Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) men are killed in an ambush at Soloheadbeg in Tipperary. | Dublin | War |
| June | June 23 | Estonian and Latvian Wars of Independence – Battle of Cēsis: The Estonian army defeats the pro-German Baltische Landeswehr in northern Latvia, forcing it to retreat towards Riga; the event has been celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia ever since. | Latvia | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| June | June 5 | Estonian and Latvian Wars of Independence: The advancing pro-German Baltische Landeswehr initiates war against Estonia in Northern Latvia. | Latvia | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| January | January 18 | Estonian forces liberate Narva, expelling the Red Army from Northern Estonia. | Narva | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| May | May 25 | Estonian forces capture Pskov from the Red Army, and soon hand it over to the White forces. | Pskov | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| July | July 3 | Estonian and Latvian Wars of Independence: The pro-German Baltische Landeswehr signs a peace treaty with Estonia and Latvia. The pro-German Prime Minister of Latvia Andrievs Niedra resigns, and Latvian forces take over Riga on July 8. | Riga | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| February | February 16-21 | Uniformed peasants in Saaremaa rebel against the government of Estonia; the rebellion is crushed by government forces, leaving more than 200 dead. | Saaremaa | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| January | January 7 | With Soviet Russian forces just 40 km of the capital Tallinn, Estonian forces start a general and successful counter-offensive against the Red Army. | Tallinn | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| January | January 14 | Estonian forces liberate Tartu from the Red Army. | Tartu | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| February | February 1 | Estonian forces liberate Valga and Võru, expelling the Red Army from the entire territory of Estonia. | Valga | War — Estonian War of Independence |
| September | September 27 | Russian Civil War: The last British Army troops leave Archangel, and leave the fighting to the Russians. | Archangel | War — Russian Civil War |
| June | June 7 | Counteroffensive of Eastern Front: The Reds army capture the city of Birsk from the White forces. | Birsk | War — Russian Civil War |
| July | July 5 -July 20 | Eastern or Siberian Front: The Red Army captured the city of Ekaterinburg ubicated in the Ural mountains, in the Ekaterinburg operation from the White rule of Admiral Alexander Kolchak. | Ekaterinburg | War — Russian Civil War |
| November | November 11 | The Northwestern Army of General Nikolai Yudenich retreats to Estonia and is disarmed. | Estonia | War — Russian Civil War |
| September | September 1 -October 2 | Siberian Front: Admiral Alexander Kolchak launched his final offensive in the Tobolsk operation, defeating the Red army. | Irtysh River | War — Russian Civil War |
| June | June 20 -25 | Southern Front, The White Volunteer Army defeated the exhausted Red forces in the Kharkiv Operation , capturing the industrial city of Kharkiv. | Kharkiv | War — Russian Civil War |
| February | February 5 | Soviet troops occupy the city of Kiev after the Battle of Kiev (January 1919). | Kiev | War — Russian Civil War |
| August | August 24 -September 12 | Southern Front, The Red Army commanded by Vladimir Yegoryev attacks the White Forces of General Anton Denikin, but is defeated. | Novocherkassk | War — Russian Civil War |
| March | March 4 | The White forces in Siberia under the command of Admiral Alexander Kolchak attack the positions of The Red Army in the Spring Offensive. The Whites crushed the 5th Red army under Jan Blumberg, and captured Okhansk, Osa, Sarapul and finally Ufa over the next days. | Okhansk | War — Russian Civil War |
| November | November 14 | Siberian Front: Admiral Alexander Kolchak's White forces begin the Great Siberian Ice March from the cities of Omsk and Tomsk to Irkutsk in the Lake Baikal, escaping from the victorious Red army . | Omsk | War — Russian Civil War |
| April | April 22 -June 20 | The Reds go to the offensive in the Siberia Front: General Gaya Gai defeats the White forces near Orenburg after a 3-day battle. The next weeks , the red Army pushes the White forces behind the Ural mountains. | Orenburg | War — Russian Civil War |
| June | June 20 -July 1 | In the Siberian Front begin the Perm operation (1919) The 2nd and 3rd armies of Soviet Russia recaptured the city of Perm. | Perm | War — Russian Civil War |
| January | January 19-28 | The Red Army begin the counter offensive in the Perm area against the White forces. | Perm | War — Russian Civil War |
| August | August 18 | The Bolshevik fleet at Kronstadt, near Petrograd, Russia, on the Baltic Sea, is mostly destroyed by British warplanes and torpedo boats in a combined operation. | Petrograd, Russia | War — Russian Civil War |
| August | August 29 | Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures Pskov from White forces. | Pskov | War — Russian Civil War |
| January | January 12-May 19 | In the Southern Front, the Armed Forces of South Russia under General Anton Denikin fights for three months against the Red army for the possesion of the strategic region of the Donbass. | Russia | War — Russian Civil War |
| January | January 2-22 | In the Caucasus : The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to made progress. | Russia | War — Russian Civil War |
| January | January 8-22 | Southern Front : The Red Army attacks and defeat the White Don Army under Pyotr Krasnovin the Voronezh–Povorino Operation. | Russia | War — Russian Civil War |
| March | March 3 -April | Begins the Chapan War: Peasants of the provinces of Samara and Simbirsk rebel against Soviet rule. | Samara | War — Russian Civil War |
| June | June 9 | Counteroffensive of Eastern Front: The Reds army recapture the city of Ufa. | Ufa | War — Russian Civil War |
| February | February 3 | Soviet troops occupy Ukraine. | Ukraine | War — Russian Civil War |
| March | March 11 -June 8 | The Cossacks of the Upper Don rebel against the Bolchevisk rule in the Vyoshenskaya Uprising and joined the White forces. | Vyoshenskaya | War — Russian Civil War |
| May | May 9 | In Belgium, a new electoral law introduces universal manhood suffrage, and gives the franchise to certain classes of women. | Belgium | Women's Rights |
| Date unknown | Date unknown | Female suffrage is enacted in Germany and Luxembourg. | Germany | Women's Rights |
| May | May 15 | A law providing for full women's suffrage in the Netherlands is introduced. | Netherlands | Women's Rights |
| December | December 1 | American-born Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, becomes the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, having become the second to be elected on November 28. | United Kingdom | Women's Rights |
| December | December 23 | Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 becomes law in the United Kingdom. | United Kingdom | Women's Rights |
| June | June 4 | The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the states for ratification. | Washinton, D.C. | Women's Rights |